Opinion: Germany's leaders must act with resolve to use its economic crisis as an opportunity - The Globe and Mail

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A construction site for a family house in Soest, western Germany, on Oct. 13. The German government expects the lean period in the construction industry to continue in the coming year.INA FASSBENDER/AFP/Getty Images

Ludovic Subran is chief economist at Allianz.

Germany is the only major country in the world whose economy is set to contract in 2023. There is a real risk that the downturn is not a temporary phenomenon. Instead, it points to an altered funda­mental long-term outlook for Europe’s largest economy.

For Germany’s own sake, as well as for the sake of the rest of Europe and the world, one can only hope that decision makers act with resolve now. They should view this crisis as an opportunity to address, at long last, the long list of structural challenges that have piled up over the past two decades.

As the Allianz Pulse 2023 survey indicates, German participants assess the current economic situation as worse even than during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 or after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The fact that the geo-economic framework is currently shifting to Germany’s dis­advantage is only being realized with some delay.

While recent policy initiatives by the government may lead to a small boost in growth, they are not substantial enough to restructure an economy of Germany’s size to the degree necessary. Germany must quickly shift from managing past suboptimal policy choices toward deep reforms.

In restructuring its economy, Germany faces a steep uphill climb. It has a laundry list of tasks to address, including labour shortages, high energy costs because of past policy misjudgments, high regulatory and tax burdens, a slow process of digitization and, perhaps most concerning, policy uncertainty.

One key area of reform is in energy policy. Companies are starting to flee Germany for locations with cheaper energy. This trend significantly includes so-called Mittelstand companies – the long-established, often family-owned mid-sized businesses that form the country’s economic backbone.

To stop this trend, Germany needs lower energy prices. These must be achieved primarily through an expansion of domestic energy production. The government thus has to do more than prioritize faster planning and approval procedures.

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For all the talk about expanding green-energy solutions, including updating the electricity grid, as well as the Hydrogen Acceleration Law and other initiatives, there are significant questions about the prices, timeliness and sufficient volumes of renewables. All of this translates into a great deal of uncertainty for companies.

Beyond energy policy, Germany urgently needs to take concrete steps to establish itself as a place to innovate, invest and create high-value-added jobs. Instead of relying on subsidies as the preferred – but very suboptimal – method to support the transformation of the German economy, policy makers need to take the long-overdue leap of faith to prioritize laying the groundwork for productive private-sector investment.

A leaner state entails simplifying regulations, reducing bureaucracy and strengthen­ing administrative capacity in necessary functions as well as much more reliance on the productive power of digitization.

Expanding the service sector offers another route to boost the German economy over the long run. Coincidentally, this demand was raised by prominent German economists at least two decades ago. Little has changed since. Germany ought to enhance its strong manufacturing base by expanding into areas that are not traditionally associated with its strengths, including software, big data and entertainment.

One lever to do so would be for companies to utilize their excess savings to invest in service-sector activities beyond those directly associated with manufacturing. This strategy would of course need to be matched by increased demand for high-quality services by German consumers.

To succeed, German policy makers will need to create an environment that allows the country’s economy to be sufficiently flexible to adjust to the needed shifts. Doing so also requires concrete steps in fiscal policy such as reducing corporate and personal tax burdens, as well as enacting pension reforms. This applies, in particular, to enhancing Germany’s service sector. Special depreciation rights as well as tax credits are required to incentivize such investments.

These reforms are necessary to incentivize the domestic labour pool for higher and longer levels of participation. They are also critical to attracting highly skilled immigrants, who are an important component of Germany’s economic transformation. The government should act with great determination on this front to ensure that recently legislated immigration reforms, a useful first step, lead to real changes.

During the euro zone crisis, the German government criticized a number of European countries for leaving structural reforms unaddressed for too long. It is far more than irony to state that it is now high time for Germany to rise to that same challenge. It is an existential question for Germany’s economic model.

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Opinion: Germany's leaders must act with resolve to use its economic crisis as an opportunity - The Globe and Mail
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